[b]All waves transfer energy from one region to another.[b]
[ul]
[li]Longitudinal waves can be [b]Earthquake[/b] waves and [b]sound waves[/b][/li]
[li]Transverse waves can be [i]Gamma rays[/i], [i]X-Rays[/i], [i]Ultraviolet[/i], [i]Light[/i], [i]Microwaves[/i] and [i]Radiowaves[/i][/li]
[h3]Longitudinal Waves[/h3]
Compression = Particles are close together
Rarefaction = Particles are further apart
[img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/deylrqt2d/image/upload/v1487880092/compression_rarefaction_wt3gof.svg' style='width:35vw']
[highlight]
The particles move in the direction of the waves.
Mass is not transferred.
[/highlight]
Sound is a longitudinal wave so [b] sound cannot traverse (travel) through a vacuum[/b].
Sound speed through air is ~320m/s.
[h3]Transverse Waves[/h3]
[img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/deylrqt2d/image/upload/v1487880480/transverse_waves_ecduim.svg' style='width:50vw']
[ul]
[li]The particles move up and down.[/li]
[li]This is called oscillation.[/li]
[li]The particles move perpendicular to the wave's direction.[/li]
[/ul]
[b]Transverse waves[/b] have a major category called the [b]Electromagnetic Spectrum[/b], which contains the following:
[table]
[tr]
[td]Radio Waves[/td][td style='background-color:#3C427C;color:#fff;']RW[/td]
[/tr]
[tr]
[td]Microwaves[/td][td style='background-color:#3C427C;color:#fff;']MW[/td]
[/tr]
[tr]
[td]Infra-Red[/td][td style='background-color:#3C427C;color:#fff;']IR[/td]
[/tr]
[tr]
[td]Light Spectrum[/td][td style='background-color:#3C427C;color:#fff;padding:0 2px;']Visible Light[/td]
[/tr]
[tr]
[td]Ultraviolet[/td][td style='background-color:#3C427C;color:#fff;']UV[/td]
[/tr]
[tr]
[td]X-Rays[/td][td style='background-color:#3C427C;color:#fff;']X-Rays[/td]
[/tr]
[tr]
[td]Gamma Rays[/td][td style='background-color:#3C427C;color:#fff;'][gamma] (Gamma)[/td]
[/tr]
[/table]
[b]Visible light itself is made up from 6 main different light wavelengths:[/b]
[ul]
[li]Red - [b]R[/b][/li]
[li]Orange - [b]O[/b][/li]
[li]Yellow - [b]Y[/b][/li]
[li]Green - [b]G[/b][/li]
[li]Blue - [b]B[/b][/li]
[li]Indigo - [b]I[/b][/li]
[li]Violet - [b]V[/b][/li]
[/ul]
[highlight]
They also all travel [b]at the speed of light in a vacuum[/b].
[lambda] - denotes wavelength in metres.
[/highlight]